Effect of Sleep Restriction during Pregnancy on Fetal Brain Programming and Neurocognitive Development of Offspring: A Review

Abstract We spend one-third of our lives in sleep, yet the core function it still remains an enigma due to underlying complex neural processing this altered state consciousness. Sleep requirement varies with phase development. Neonates spent about 85% their time which is polyphasic nature. Gradually, pattern takes shape a monophasic sleep adolescents and adults, changing micro- macroarchitecture every phase. Deprivation adults impairs learning memory, reduces theta coherence among hippocampus amygdale during sleep. However, loss pregnancy can affect ontogenetic development networks for sleep–wakefulness cognitive offspring. Even normal pregnancy, poor quality, reduced rapid eye movement (REM) fragmentation are common observation last trimester pregnancy. Delta power, marker homeostatic drive NREM postpartum increased. further late growing concern. that born total sleep-restricted dams present significant alterations emotional (symptoms hyperactivity, increased risk-taking behavior periadolescence) immature patterns. The REM restriction elicits depressionlike traits neonates, persist until middle age. For healthy brain body, thorough understanding dynamic nature relation age (pregnancy) instrumental preventing above-mentioned conditions prenatal origin. Although essential active (for work day), underestimated phenomenon. This review highlights importance network programming